PharmaCine : Journal of Pharmacy, Medical and Health Science

Effect of Acid Base Source on Physical Properties in Effervescent Granule Formulation : A Review

2024-03-19T20:36:01+07:00

Background: Indonesia has abundant natural resources, including types of herbal plants. Herbal plants in Indonesia have various health benefits and have been widely processed in the form of functional drinks. Aim:. To reduce the often undesirable taste and odor characteristics of herbal medicine, it can be further processed into derivative products that taste good and have a longer shelf life. One way is to process it into an effervescent preparation. Method: Searching and collecting journal information is carried out electronically, namely by accessing international and national journal search sites such as online from Pubmed, Google Scholar and Sciencedirect. by using the keywords "Effervescent Granules" and "Effervescent Herbal Drinks". Result: In effervescent granules there are acids and bases, the acids used are citric acid and tartaric acid which are acid components commonly used in effervescent granules. The use of a single acid will cause difficulties in its manufacture. The combination of citric acid and tartaric acid in effervescent granule preparations aims to simplify the process of making effervescent granule formulations. Conclusion: The results of existing literature studies show that the combination of acids in effervescent preparations greatly facilitates the process of forming effervescent granules. The use of different combinations of acid sources affects the physical properties of effervescent granules, including flow rate, dissolution time, pH and others. Sodium bicarbonate as a base source has the most significant influence on water content. The acid combination commonly used in making effervescent granules is citric acid and tartaric acid.

Keywords: Effervescent granules, citric acid, tartaric acid, sodium bicarbonate

Potential Development of Pare Fruit Concentrate (Momordica charantia L.) as Hypercolesterol Prevention in Male Rat (Mus usculus)

2024-01-12T16:02:17+07:00

Background: Hypercholesterolemia is a condition characterized by an increase in cholesterol levels in the blood above the normal limit. Parsley contains some phytochemicals such as niacin, vitamin C, vitamin E, flavonoids, and saponins that are believed to lower blood cholesterol levels. This study aimed to determine the anti-cholesterolemia activity and dose concentration of ethanol concentrate steam in male rat scratches to prevent hypercholesterolemia. Pre-test and post-test research design using random sampling techniques. Animal trials used used twenty-five pairs of scissors, divided into five groups. One control group was given a standard diet and 0.2 ml NaCMC suspension, and four treatment groups were given additional oral treatment with standard diets and a dose of 0.02 ml suspension. Simvastatin, an ethanol concentrate of pear fruit, is given in doses of 0.5 ml/day, 1 ml/day, and 1.5 ml/day for 7 days—total cholesterol analysis using a cholesterol strip. The data obtained were analyzed using the ANOVA one-way test in SPSS 23. The administration of simvastatin and ethanol concentrate in the treatment group decreased total cholesterol levels compared to controls at all doses. The third dose concentration was ethanol concentrate of the fruit, with a dose of 1.5 ml/day, because it lowered the overall cholesterol level compared with the control group, treatment 2, and treatment 3. Based on the table of the one-directional ANOVA test, the results were achieved when the probability value (p) = 0,000 or the value (P) < 0,05. The resulting conclusion was that there was an average significant difference between normal cholesterol, high fat, and post-treatment.

Keywords: Cholesterol, Hypercholesterolemia, Simvastatin, Ethanol concentrate of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L)

Description of Blood Creatinine Levels in Coronary Heart Patients Based on Gender Jaffe Reaction Method at H. A Sulthan Daeng Radja Regional Hospital, Kab. Bulukumba

2024-01-12T16:31:42+07:00

Background: Coronary0heart0disease is a condition in which the arteries experience narrowing due to the accumulation of fat on the artery walls. Creatinine is the end product of creatinine metabolism. High or low blood creatinine levels are used0as0an important0indicator to find out whether0a person0has impaired-kidney function, because blood creatinine examination can be used as an indicator of the development of coronary heart disease which can cause kidney failure in a person. The Jaffe Reaction is the reaction between creatinine and picric acid in alkaline conditions to form an orange yellow compound which is measured using a spectrophotometer. Aim: To determine the description of blood creatinine0levels in0patients with0coronary0heart0disease based on the gender of the jaffe reaction method at H. A Sulthan0Daeng Radja0Hospital, Kab.0Bulukumba. Method: This research is a quantitative research with a cross-sectional descriptive design. The sample of this study were coronary heart patients at H. A Sulthan Daeng Radja Hospital, Kab. Bulukumba in August 2022, with a total of 42 sufferers. Result: The results obtained from 42 samples of blood creatinine levels increased in coronary heart disease patients, 7 men (54%) and 6 women (46%) with a total increase of 13 people. While normal creatinine levels in coronary heart patients were 16 men (55%) and 13 women (45%) with a normal total of 29 people. Conclusion: Based on the sex characteristics of coronary heart patients, it is known that out of a total of 42, 22 people were male, and 20 were female. Meanwhile, based on the age characteristics of the research subjects, there were 10 young people aged 35-50, 19 people 51-65, 11 people aged 66-75, 76-85 2 people. Based on examination of blood creatinine levels of 42 patients with coronary heart disease, there were 13 people who had increased blood creatinine levels, where a higher increase occurred in men, 7 people had blood creatinine levels (> 0.7-1.3 mg/dl). Meanwhile, 6 women had increased blood creatinine levels (>0.6-1.1 mg/dl).

Keywords: Coronary heart disease, blood creatinine levels

Description of Albumin Levels in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Sufferers in RSUD H. A. Sulthan Daeng Radja Kab. Bulukumba

2024-01-11T20:31:31+07:00

Background: Type II diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance. Where this diabetic state affects plasma protein metabolism in the body, one of which is albumin. The occurrence of a decrease or increase in albumin levels is strongly influenced by several things including protein intake, alcohol, osmotic pressure, hormones and physiological factors. Objective: to know the picture of albumin levels in patients with type II diabetes mellitus at H. A. Sulthan Daeng Radja Hospital, Bulukumba Regency. Method: this is a descriptive research with a cross sectional approach. Results: Showed that out of 28 patients, there were 7 people with low albumin levels and 21 people with normal albumin levels. The antioxidant potential of albumin shows that it is associated with diabetes mellitus. Theoretically, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus patients have low albumin levels Based on gender, respondents were male with low albumin levels as many as 3 people (43%) and female as many as 4 people (57%). Based on age where the percentage in the age range of 30-50 years as many as 13 people (46%), for ages 51-65 years as many as 12 people (43%), and ages 66-75 years as many as 3 people (11%). Conclusion: Obtained at low albumin levels in patients with type II diabetes mellitus who are female as many as 4 people (57%) and male sex as many as 3 people (43%).

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, hypoalbuminemia, serum albumin levels