PharmaCine : Journal of Pharmacy, Medical and Health Science

Cost Minimization Analysis of Antihypertensive Drugs Lisinopril or Candesartan in Hypertension Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease at The Inpatient Installation of RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek

Anastya Devi Septiani, Putri Amelia Rooswita, Kiki Yuli Handayani — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Hypertension can damage blood vessels, which if not handled properly can cause kidney damage. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is the most common comorbid in hypertensive patients in Indonesia with a percentage of 51%. The successful treatment of hypertension accompanied by CKD can be supported by administration of antihypertensives. The variety of antihypertensive therapy alternatives makes pharmacoeconomic studies necessary in order to obtain cost-effective therapy. The purpose of this study was to find out which antihypertensive drug is the most cost-minimizing between lisinopril and candesartan used in the treatment of hypertension accompanied by CKD (ICD-10 I12.0) in the Inpatient Installation based on the perspective of RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek in 2022. This research is a non-experimental observational with a purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out retrospectively from tracking secondary data originating from medical records, drug details in the Hospital Information System (SIRS), and details of direct medical costs in the Hospital Finance Department. Costs collected are in the form of direct medical costs which include antihypertensive drug costs, supporting drug costs, accompanying drug costs, laboratory costs, ICU, emergency room, hemodialysis, and hospitalization. The study showed that the average total cost of treating antihypertensive therapy for lisinopril was higher than candes artan, with lisinopril amounting to Rp 3.778.163 while candesartan was Rp 3.307.740. These results indicate that use of the antihypertensive candesartan is more cost-minimizing compared to lisinopril with a saving value of IDR Rp 470.423.

Keywords: Pharmacoeconomics; CMA; hypertension with CKD; lisinopril; candesartan

Formalin Content Test in Samples of Salted Fish and Fresh Fish Sold in Traditional Markets

Kiki Haetami, Lina Karlina, Junianto — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Fish is a commodity that quickly deteriorates and spoils. One method commonly used to extend the shelf life of fish is by storing at low temperatures and salting. However, both methods are relatively expensive, so many sellers prefer to use formalin as a preservative for food products. Aim: This study aims to determine the use of formalin in salted fish and fresh fish in traditional markets. Methode: Testing was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively using the MERCK formalin test kit. Results: Test results on the formalin content of wais salted fish, skinned shark salted fish and salmon from the upper market of Cimahi obtained positive results in all three samples. Each formalin level is 0.10 mg/l; 0.80 mg/l; and 0.25 mg/l. Conclusion: The use of formalin in food products in traditional markets is still carried out by fish sellers.

Keywords: Formalin, Salted Fish, Fresh Fish, Traditional Market

Cases of Illegal Drug and Food Product Sales Discovered through E-Commerce Related to Food and Drug Supervisory Agency Regulation Number 8 of 2020

Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Background: The advancement of information and communication technology has led society to rely on the use of communication devices and the internet. The global increase in e-commerce, coupled with the growth of digital health services, provides direct access to healthcare for patients, as well as globalization of production and distribution of medications. However, it is important to note that these activities can become illegal if e-commerce actors or involved institutions lack the necessary business permits and fail to comply with certification, licensing, registration, and other legal requirements. Aim: This article explores findings of illegal drug products within the context of online drug circulation through e-commerce. Method: The approach employed in this research is qualitative, utilizing descriptive analysis methods and data collection techniques through literature review. Result: It has been revealed that the sale of illegal drugs online occurs on the Marketplace through accounts using official pharmacy names. The illegal drugs and food products discovered do not adhere to good manufacturing standards and have unknown dosages. This poses a serious risk to public health if consumed. The identified types of illegal products include drugs specifically for men, illegal weight loss products, fake health supplements, illegal cosmetics, and counterfeit processed foods. Conclusion: The misuse of e-commerce platforms for the sale of illegal products must be taken seriously to safeguard the health and overall safety of the public.

Keywords: Illegal drugs, Online distribution, Supervision, Prevention, Legality

Description of Albumin Levels in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Sufferers in RSUD H. A. Sulthan Daeng Radja Kab. Bulukumba

Jusnita Putri, Asriyani Ridwan, Asdinar — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Type II diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance. Where this diabetic state affects plasma protein metabolism in the body, one of which is albumin. The occurrence of a decrease or increase in albumin levels is strongly influenced by several things including protein intake, alcohol, osmotic pressure, hormones and physiological factors. Objective: to know the picture of albumin levels in patients with type II diabetes mellitus at H. A. Sulthan Daeng Radja Hospital, Bulukumba Regency. Method: this is a descriptive research with a cross sectional approach. Results: Showed that out of 28 patients, there were 7 people with low albumin levels and 21 people with normal albumin levels. The antioxidant potential of albumin shows that it is associated with diabetes mellitus. Theoretically, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus patients have low albumin levels Based on gender, respondents were male with low albumin levels as many as 3 people (43%) and female as many as 4 people (57%). Based on age where the percentage in the age range of 30-50 years as many as 13 people (46%), for ages 51-65 years as many as 12 people (43%), and ages 66-75 years as many as 3 people (11%). Conclusion: Obtained at low albumin levels in patients with type II diabetes mellitus who are female as many as 4 people (57%) and male sex as many as 3 people (43%).

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, hypoalbuminemia, serum albumin levels

Potential Development of Pare Fruit Concentrate (Momordica charantia L.) as Hypercolesterol Prevention in Male Rat (Mus usculus)

Farah Sulistyaningtyas, Zestyla Oktraiani — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Hypercholesterolemia is a condition characterized by an increase in cholesterol levels in the blood above the normal limit. Parsley contains some phytochemicals such as niacin, vitamin C, vitamin E, flavonoids, and saponins that are believed to lower blood cholesterol levels. This study aimed to determine the anti-cholesterolemia activity and dose concentration of ethanol concentrate steam in male rat scratches to prevent hypercholesterolemia. Pre-test and post-test research design using random sampling techniques. Animal trials used used twenty-five pairs of scissors, divided into five groups. One control group was given a standard diet and 0.2 ml NaCMC suspension, and four treatment groups were given additional oral treatment with standard diets and a dose of 0.02 ml suspension. Simvastatin, an ethanol concentrate of pear fruit, is given in doses of 0.5 ml/day, 1 ml/day, and 1.5 ml/day for 7 days—total cholesterol analysis using a cholesterol strip. The data obtained were analyzed using the ANOVA one-way test in SPSS 23. The administration of simvastatin and ethanol concentrate in the treatment group decreased total cholesterol levels compared to controls at all doses. The third dose concentration was ethanol concentrate of the fruit, with a dose of 1.5 ml/day, because it lowered the overall cholesterol level compared with the control group, treatment 2, and treatment 3. Based on the table of the one-directional ANOVA test, the results were achieved when the probability value (p) = 0,000 or the value (P) < 0,05. The resulting conclusion was that there was an average significant difference between normal cholesterol, high fat, and post-treatment.

Keywords: Cholesterol, Hypercholesterolemia, Simvastatin, Ethanol concentrate of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L)

Description of Blood Creatinine Levels in Coronary Heart Patients Based on Gender Jaffe Reaction Method at H. A Sulthan Daeng Radja Regional Hospital, Kab. Bulukumba

Lely Nurfadilah, Dzikra Arwie, Muriyati — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Coronary0heart0disease is a condition in which the arteries experience narrowing due to the accumulation of fat on the artery walls. Creatinine is the end product of creatinine metabolism. High or low blood creatinine levels are used0as0an important0indicator to find out whether0a person0has impaired-kidney function, because blood creatinine examination can be used as an indicator of the development of coronary heart disease which can cause kidney failure in a person. The Jaffe Reaction is the reaction between creatinine and picric acid in alkaline conditions to form an orange yellow compound which is measured using a spectrophotometer. Aim: To determine the description of blood creatinine0levels in0patients with0coronary0heart0disease based on the gender of the jaffe reaction method at H. A Sulthan0Daeng Radja0Hospital, Kab.0Bulukumba. Method: This research is a quantitative research with a cross-sectional descriptive design. The sample of this study were coronary heart patients at H. A Sulthan Daeng Radja Hospital, Kab. Bulukumba in August 2022, with a total of 42 sufferers. Result: The results obtained from 42 samples of blood creatinine levels increased in coronary heart disease patients, 7 men (54%) and 6 women (46%) with a total increase of 13 people. While normal creatinine levels in coronary heart patients were 16 men (55%) and 13 women (45%) with a normal total of 29 people. Conclusion: Based on the sex characteristics of coronary heart patients, it is known that out of a total of 42, 22 people were male, and 20 were female. Meanwhile, based on the age characteristics of the research subjects, there were 10 young people aged 35-50, 19 people 51-65, 11 people aged 66-75, 76-85 2 people. Based on examination of blood creatinine levels of 42 patients with coronary heart disease, there were 13 people who had increased blood creatinine levels, where a higher increase occurred in men, 7 people had blood creatinine levels (> 0.7-1.3 mg/dl). Meanwhile, 6 women had increased blood creatinine levels (>0.6-1.1 mg/dl).

Keywords: Coronary heart disease, blood creatinine levels

Effect of Acid Base Source on Physical Properties in Effervescent Granule Formulation : A Review

Reza Pratama, Ida Hasanah, Widya Nurasih, Novaliana Devianti Sagita — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Indonesia has abundant natural resources, including types of herbal plants. Herbal plants in Indonesia have various health benefits and have been widely processed in the form of functional drinks. Aim:. To reduce the often undesirable taste and odor characteristics of herbal medicine, it can be further processed into derivative products that taste good and have a longer shelf life. One way is to process it into an effervescent preparation. Method: Searching and collecting journal information is carried out electronically, namely by accessing international and national journal search sites such as online from Pubmed, Google Scholar and Sciencedirect. by using the keywords "Effervescent Granules" and "Effervescent Herbal Drinks". Result: In effervescent granules there are acids and bases, the acids used are citric acid and tartaric acid which are acid components commonly used in effervescent granules. The use of a single acid will cause difficulties in its manufacture. The combination of citric acid and tartaric acid in effervescent granule preparations aims to simplify the process of making effervescent granule formulations. Conclusion: The results of existing literature studies show that the combination of acids in effervescent preparations greatly facilitates the process of forming effervescent granules. The use of different combinations of acid sources affects the physical properties of effervescent granules, including flow rate, dissolution time, pH and others. Sodium bicarbonate as a base source has the most significant influence on water content. The acid combination commonly used in making effervescent granules is citric acid and tartaric acid.

Keywords: Effervescent granules, citric acid, tartaric acid, sodium bicarbonate