Uji Toksisitas Subkronik Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sidaguri (Sida Rhombifolia L.) Terhadap Fungsi Hati dan Ginjal Pada Tikus: Subchronic Toxicity of Ethanol Extract of Sidaguri Leaves (Sida Rhombifolia L.) on Liver and Kidney Function in Rats

Kharina Septi Lestari; Aulia Nurfazri Istiqomah; Reza Pratama; Boy Ignatius Simamora; Anissa Nadya Oktriyani

doi:10.35706/pc.v6i2.13177

Authors

Kharina Septi Lestari Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Bhakti Kencana
Aulia Nurfazri Istiqomah Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Bhakti Kencana
Reza Pratama Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Bhakti Kencana
Boy Ignatius Simamora Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Bhakti Kencana
Anissa Nadya Oktriyani Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Bhakti Kencana

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35706/pc.v6i2.13177

Keywords:

Sidaguri Leaves, Subchronic Toxicity, histologic, liver, Kidney

Abstract

Sidaguri leaves (Sida rhombifolia L.) have been widely used in traditional medicine due to their anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and analgesic properties. To ensure their safety, a subchronic toxicity study was conducted using ethanolic extracts of Sida rhombifolia leaves. The study involved male and female Wistar rats administered a dose of 14 mg/kg body weight (BW) daily for 90 days. Toxic symptoms were observed throughout the study period, followed by organ weight assessment, blood biochemical analysis (SGOT, SGPT, creatinine, and urea), and histological examination of heart and kidney tissues. The results showed no toxic symptoms or mortality in the test animals. Levels of SGOT, SGPT, creatinine, and urea remained within normal limits, with no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) between the control and treatment groups. Histological analysis revealed no signs of necrosis in heart and kidney tissues. In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of Sida rhombifolia leaves at a dose of 14 mg/Kg BW is non-toxic and considered safe for daily consumption.

Keywords: Sidaguri leaves; Subchronic toxicity; Histologic; Liver; Kidney.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Amri, I. A., Hendrasmara, M. F., Qosimah, D., Aeka, A., Rickyawan, N., Purwatiningsih, W., & Dameanti, F. N. A. E. P. (2020). Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) Solution Toxicity in Balb-c Mice Based on SGPT and SGOT Level. Jurnal Medik Veteriner, 3(2), 251–257. https://doi.org/10.20473/jmv.vol3.iss2.2020.251-257

Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia. (2022). Peraturan BPOM No. 10 Tahun 2022: Pedoman Uji Toksisitas Praklinik secara In Vivo. Jakarta: BPOM RI

Cristina da Costa Araldi, I., Piber de Souza, T., de Souza Vencato, M., de Andrade Fortes, T., Emanuelli Mello, C. B., Sorraila de Oliveira, J., Dornelles, G. L., Melazzo de Andrade, C., Maciel, R. M., Danesi, C. C., Gindri, A. L., Machado, A. K., & de Freitas Bauermann, L. (2021). Preclinical safety assessment of the crude extract from Sida rhombifolia L. aerial parts in experimental models of acute and repeated-dose 28 days toxicity in rats. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104974

Ding, X., Li, F., & Chen, Y. (2021). Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of anthraquinones from medicinal plants: implications for nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, 638993. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.638993

Damanti, E. N. (2021). Kepercayaan masyarakat memilih obat herbal sebagai alternatif dalam pengobatan. J. Chem. Inf. Model, 1(1), 1–7.

Dobrek, L. (2023). A synopsis of current theories on drug induced nephrotoxicity. Life, 13(2), 325. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020325

Frizqia Jelita, S., Setyowati, G. W., Ferdinand, M., Zuhrotun, A., & Megantara, S. (2020). Uji toksisitas infusa Acalypha siamensis dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Jurnal Farmaka, 18, 14–22.

Gounden, V., Bhatt, H., & Jialal, I. (2024). Renal function tests. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing.

Istiqomah, A. N., Aligita, W., Putra, H. M., Galang, D., & Nurjamilah, H. (2021). Aktivitas Antidiabetes Ekstrak Etanol Daun Dan Batang Sidaguri (Sida Rhombifolia) Terhadap Model Hewan Diabetes Tipe 2. Jurnal Penelitian Farmasi Indonesia, 10, 2.

Jiang, Y., Wu, L., Zhu, X., Zhang, S., & Zhou, H. (2024). Advances in management of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease: From mechanisms to therapeutics. Lipids in Health and Disease, 23(1), 95. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-024-02092-2

Khalid, N., & Azimpouran, M. (2020). Necrosis.

Khalishah, H., Kurniawan, H., Nugraha, F., & Nurbaeti, S. N. (2019). Pengaruh Pemberian Serbuk Cangkang Telur Terhadap Bobot Badan dan Indeks Organ Tikus Putih ( Rattus norvegicus L .) Galur Wistar dalam 28 Hari The Effect of Giving Eggshells Powder on Body Weight and Index Organ of White Rats ( Rattus norvegicus L .) Wist.

Massart, J., Begriche, K., Corlu, A., & Fromenty, B. (2022). Xenobiotic-induced aggravation of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(3), 1062. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031062

Nurhidayanti, N., Juraijin, D., & Setiani, I. (2023). Perbandingan Kadar SGPT Pada Sampel Serum Darah Yang Segera Diperiksa Dengan Ditunda Selama 24 Jam dan 48 Jam Pada Suhu Ruang. Indobiosains, 5(2), 50–55. https://doi.org/10.31851/indobiosains.v5i2.11584

OECD. (2018). Test No. 408: Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264070707-en

Paulus, M. C., Melchers, M., van Es, A., Kouw, I. W. K., & van Zanten, A. R. H. (2025). The urea-to-creatinine ratio as an emerging biomarker in critical care: a scoping review and meta analysis. Critical Care, 29, 175. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-025-05396-6

Puspita Dewi, N., Christin, V., & Rizki Handayani, K. (2021). Uji Soy- Yamghurt Terhadap Kadar Ureum Dan Kreatinin Tikus38 Putih Jantan (Rattus Norvegicus) Kondisi Hiperglikemik. Farmakologika Jurnal Farmasi, Xviii(2).

Wahyuni, F. S., Putri, I. N., & Arisanti, D. (2017). uji toksisitas subkronik fraksi etil asetat kulit buah asam kandis (Garcinia cowa Roxb.) terhadap fungsi hati dan ginjal mencit putih betina. Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis, 3(2), 202–212.

Widarti, W., & Nurqaidah, N. (2019). Analisis Kadar Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (Sgpt) Dan Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (Sgot) Pada Petani Yang Menggunakan Pestisida. Jurnal Media Analis Kesehatan, 10(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.32382/mak.v10i1.984

Yu, C.-H., Huang, L.-C., & Su, Y.-J. (2024). Poisoning induced acute kidney injury: A review. Medicina, 60(8), 1302. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60081302

Zhang, C. X., & Arnold, S. L. M. (2025). A review of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of renal drug disposition. Drug Metabolism & Disposition, 53(1), 100014.