Pemanfaatan Umbi-Umbian sebagai Bahan Pengisi dalam Pengembangan Pakan Ikan Berbasis Nutrisi Alami: Utilization of Tubers as Filler Ingredients in the Development of  Natural Nutrition-Based Fish Feed

Kiki Haetami; Yoga Nugraha Budiana; Abun Abun

doi:10.35706/pc.v6i2.13186

Penulis

Kiki Haetami Departemen Perikanan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Padjadjaran
Yoga Nugraha Budiana Departemen Perikanan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Padjadjaran
Abun Departemen Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan, Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Padjadjaran

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35706/pc.v6i2.13186

Kata Kunci:

Umbi-umbian, Bahan pengisi, Spare protein, Pengolahan, Akuakultur

Abstrak

Formulasi pakan ikan air tawar umumnya kaya protein (>25%), sehingga diperlukan bahan pengisi (carbohydrate filler) yang ekonomis tanpa menurunkan performa pertumbuhan. Umbi-umbian (singkong, talas, ubi jalar, kentang) berpotensi sebagai sumber karbohidrat, namun kandungan anti-nutrisi dan variasi pengolahan menentukan keberhasilannya. Tinjauan ini menelusuri literatur pada Google Scholar dengan kriteria inklusi yaitu studi pada spesies ikan budidaya, melaporkan minimal satu luaran performa (pertumbuhan/SGR, FCR, PER) atau kecernaan, serta menjelaskan bahan/organ umbi dan perlakuan pengolahan, dan kriteria eksklusi yaitu studi non-akuatik, tanpa data performa/kecernaan, atau berbasis sumber sekunder non-ilmiah. Seleksi dilakukan oleh dua penelaah secara independen, perbedaan diselesaikan melalui konsensus. Sintesis dilakukan naratif/tematik. Pengolahan fermentasi dan/atau perlakuan panas secara konsisten menurunkan anti-nutrisi (HCN/tanin) dan meningkatkan kecernaan pati. Pada nila/lele, inklusinya umumnya aman di kisaran ±20–30% basis karbohidrat pakan tanpa penurunan signifikan pada SGR/FCR bila pengolahan memadai; level lebih tinggi sangat bergantung spesies, umur ikan, dan intensitas detoksifikasi. Umbi-umbian berpotensi sebagai filler pakan, khususnya bila didahului fermentasi. Praktisnya, 20–30% substitusi karbohidrat dapat dijadikan titik awal formulasi, kemudian dioptimasi per spesies dan tahap budidaya.

Kata Kunci: Umbi-umbian; Bahan pengisi; Spare protein; Pengolahan; Akuakultur.

Unduhan

Data unduhan belum tersedia.

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