Penilaian Tingkat Respon Galur Jagung Unpad Toleran Naungan pada Sistem Agroforestri dengan Albizia (Albizia falcataria L.) Berdasarkan Komponen Indeks Toleransi
Abstrak
Pengembangan jagung dibawah tegakan sengon pada sistem agroforestri merupakan alternatif dalam mengatasi berkurangnya lahan jagung karena beralih fungsi menjadi daerah industri dan pemukiman. Akan tetapi masalah yang timbul adalah berkurangnya intensitas cahaya karena naungan sengon, sehingga diperlukan jagung toleran terhadap intensitas cahaya rendah. beberapa indeks toleransi yang dihitung dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari rata-rata hasil (MP), rata-rata hasil geometrik (GMP), indeks toleransi terhadap cekaman (STI), indeks stabilitas terhadap cekaman (SSI), toleransi terhadap cekaman (TOL), indeks hasil (YI) dan indeks stabilitas hasil (YSI), serta untuk memahami hubungan antara indeks toleransi pada masing-masing genotip dilakukan analisis komponen utama (PCA) dan analisis klaster (AHC). Indeks toleransi dihitung berdasarkan potensi hasil pada kondisi tanpa bercekaman (Yp) dan hasil pada kondisi cekaman naungan (Ys). Hasilnya menunjukan Yp dan Ys berkorelasi signifikan dan positif dengan MP, GMP dan STI. Oleh karena itu ketiga indeks tersebut dianggap sebgai indeks toleransi terbaik untuk mengukur tingkat toleransi genotip jagung terhadap naungan dibanding TOL, SSI dan YSI. Analisis komponen utama mengklasifikasikan genotip menjadi 2 komponen utama. Kedua PC tersebut memiliki eigen value >1 dan berkontribusi terhadap variabilitas antar genotip sebesar 98.50%. PC1 berkontribusi sebesar 69.42 dari Yp dan indeks TOL, MP, GMP, SSI, dan STI. PC2 memberikan kontribusi terhadap keragaman sebesar 29.08% dari Ys dan indeks YI. Analisis klaster berdasarkan indeks toleransi membagi genotip menjadi empat kelompok, menunjukan variabilitas genetik yang cukup tinggi sehingga bisa dijadikan dasar untuk pemilihan dan pengembangan genotip jagung toleran terhadap naungan sengon.
Kata kunci : agroforestri, indeks toleransi, jagung.
Unduhan
Referensi
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